# OpenSC Manual Pages: Section 1

## Name

cardos-tool — displays information about Card OS-based security tokens or format them

## Synopsis

`cardos-tool` [`OPTIONS`]

## Description

The cardos-tool utility is used to display information about smart cards and similar security tokens based on Siemens Card/OS M4.

## Options

`--format`, `-f`

  Format the card or token.

`--help`, `-h`

  Print help message on screen.

`--info`, `-i`

  Display information about the card or token.

`--reader` `arg`, `-r` `arg`

  Number of the reader to use. By default, the first reader with a present card is used. If `arg` is an ATR, the reader with a matching card will be chosen.

`--startkey` `arg`, `-s` `arg`

  Specify startkey for format.

`--change-startkey` `arg`, `-S` `arg`

  Change Startkey with given APDU command.

`--verbose`, `-v`

  Causes cardos-tool to be more verbose. Specify this flag several times to enable debug output in the opensc library.

`--wait`, `-w`

  Causes cardos-tool to wait for the token to be inserted into reader.

## Authors

cardos-tool was written by Andreas Jellinghaus `<aj@dungeon.inka.de>`.

## Name

cryptoflex-tool — utility for manipulating Schlumberger Cryptoflex data structures

## Synopsis

`cryptoflex-tool` [`OPTIONS`]

## Description

cryptoflex-tool is used to manipulate PKCS data structures on Schlumberger Cryptoflex smart cards. Users can create, list and read PINs and keys stored on the smart card. User PIN authentication is performed for those operations that require it.

## Options

`--app-df` `num`, `-a` `num`

  Specifies the DF to operate in

`--create-key-files` `arg`, `-c` `arg`

  Creates new RSA key files for `arg` keys

`--create-pin-files` `id`, `-P` `id`

  Creates new PIN file for CHV`id`

`--exponent` `exp`, `-e` `exp`

  Specifies the RSA exponent, `exp`, to use in key generation. The default value is 3.

`--generate-key`, `-g`

  Generate a new RSA key pair

`--key-num` `num`, `-k` `num`

  Specifies the key number to operate on. The default is key number 1.

`--list-keys`, `-l`

  Lists all keys stored in a public key file

`--modulus-length` `length`, `-m` `length`

  Specifies the modulus `length` to use in key generation. The default value is 1024.

`--prkey-file` `id`, `-p` `id`

  Specifies the private key file id, `id`, to use

`--pubkey-file` `id`, `-u` `id`

  Specifies the public key file id, `id`, to use

`--read-key`, `-R`

  Reads a public key from the card, allowing the user to extract and store or use the public key

`--reader` `arg`, `-r` `arg`

  Number of the reader to use. By default, the first reader with a present card is used. If `arg` is an ATR, the reader with a matching card will be chosen.

`--verbose`, `-v`

  Causes cryptoflex-tool to be more verbose. Specify this flag several times to enable debug output in the opensc library.

`--verify-pin`, `-V`

  Verifies CHV1 before issuing commands

`--wait`, `-w`

  Causes cryptoflex-tool to wait for a card insertion.

## See also

pkcs15-tool(1)

## Authors

cryptoflex-tool was written by Juha Yrjölä `<juha.yrjola@iki.fi>`.

## Name

dnie-tool — displays information about DNIe based security tokens

## Synopsis

`dnie-tool` [`OPTIONS`]

## Description

The dnie-tool utility is used to display additional information about DNIe, the Spanish National eID card.

## Options

`--idesp`, `-i`

  Show the DNIe IDESP value.

`--data`, `-d`

  Show DNIe personal information. Reads and print DNIe number and User Name and SurName

`--all`, `-a`

  Displays every available information. This command is equivalent to -d -i -V -s

`--serial`, `-s`

  Displays DNIe Serial Number

`--version`, `-V`

  Show DNIe sw version. Displays software version for in-card DNIe OS

`--pin` `pin`, `-p` `pin`

  These options can be used to specify the PIN value on the command line. If the value is set to `env:``VARIABLE`, the value of the specified environment variable is used. By default, the code is prompted on the command line if needed.

  Note that on most operation systems, any user can display the command line of any process on the system using utilities such as ps(1). Therefore, you should prefer passing the codes via an environment variable on an unsecured system.

`--reader` `arg`, `-r` `arg`

  Number of the reader to use. By default, the first reader with a present card is used. If `arg` is an ATR, the reader with a matching card will be chosen.

`--wait`, `-w`

  Causes dnie-tool to wait for the token to be inserted into reader.

`--verbose`, `-v`

  Causes dnie-tool to be more verbose. Specify this flag several times to enable debug output in the opensc library.

## Authors

dnie-tool was written by Juan Antonio Martinez `<jonsito@terra.es>`.

## Name

egk-tool — displays information on the German electronic health card (elektronische Gesundheitskarte, eGK)

## Synopsis

`egk-tool` [`OPTIONS`]

## Description

The egk-tool utility is used to display information stored on the German elektronic health card (elektronische Gesundheitskarte, eGK).

## Options

`--help`, `-h`

  Print help and exit.

`--version`, `-V`

  Print version and exit.

`--reader` `arg`, `-r` `arg`

  Number of the reader to use. By default, the first reader with a present card is used. If `arg` is an ATR, the reader with a matching card will be chosen.

`--verbose`, `-v`

  Causes egk-tool to be more verbose. Specify this flag several times to be more verbose.

### Health Care Application (HCA)

`--pd`

  Show 'Persönliche Versicherungsdaten' (XML).

`--vd`

  Show 'Allgemeine Versicherungsdaten' (XML).

`--gvd`

  Show 'Geschützte Versicherungsdaten' (XML).

`--vsd-status`

  Show 'Versichertenstammdaten-Status'.

## Authors

egk-tool was written by Frank Morgner `<frankmorgner@gmail.com>`.

## Name

eidenv — utility for accessing visible data from electronic identity cards

## Synopsis

`eidenv` [`OPTIONS`]

## Description

The eidenv utility is used for accessing data from electronic identity cards (like national eID cards) which might not be present in PKCS#15 objects but available in custom files on the card. The data can be printed on screen or used by other programs via environment variables.

## Options

`--exec` `prog`, `-x` `prog`

  Executes the given program with data in environment variables.

`--help`, `-h`

  Print help message on screen.

`--print`, `-p`

  Prints all data fields from the card, like validity period, document number etc.

`--reader` `arg`, `-r` `arg`

  Number of the reader to use. By default, the first reader with a present card is used. If `arg` is an ATR, the reader with a matching card will be chosen.

`--stats`, `-t`

  Prints key usage statistics (only for Estonian ID card).

`--version`, `-v`

  Prints the version of the utility and exits.

`--wait`, `-w`

  Wait for a card to be inserted

## Authors

eidenv utility was written by Stef Hoeben and Martin Paljak `<martin@martinpaljak.net>`.

## Name

gids-tool — smart card utility for GIDS cards

## Synopsis

`gids-tool` [`OPTIONS`]

The gids-tool utility can be used from the command line to perform miscellaneous smart card operations on a GIDS smart card.

## Options

`-X`, `--initialize`

  Initialize token.

`--admin-key` `argument`

  Define the administrator key

`--pin` `pin`

  This option can be used to specify the PIN value on the command line. If the value is set to `env:``VARIABLE`, the value of the specified environment variable is used. By default, the code is prompted on the command line if needed.

  Note that on most operation systems, any user can display the command line of any process on the system using utilities such as ps(1). Therefore, you should prefer passing the codes via an environment variable on an unsecured system.

`--serial-number` `argument`

  Define serial number.

`-U`, `--unblock`

  Unblock the user PIN after an administrator authentication.

`-C`, `--change-admin-key`

  Change the administrator key.

`--new-admin-key` `argument`

  Define the new administrator key.

`--reader` `argument`, `-r` `argument`

  Number of the reader to use. By default, the first reader with a present card is used. If `argument` is an ATR, the reader with a matching card will be chosen.

`-w`, `--wait`

  Wait for a card to be inserted.

`-v`, `--verbose`

  Verbose operation. Use several times to enable debug output.

## See also

opensc-tool(1)

## Authors

gids-tool was written by Vincent Le Toux `<vincent.letoux@mysmartlogon.com>`.

## Name

iasecc-tool — displays information about IAS/ECC card

## Synopsis

`iasecc-tool` [`OPTIONS`]

## Description

The iasecc-tool utility is used to display information about IAS/ECC v1.0.1 smart cards.

## Options

`--reader` `arg`,

  Number of the reader to use. By default, the first reader with a present card is used. If `arg` is an ATR, the reader with a matching card will be chosen.

`--list-applications`,

  Get list of the on-card applications.

`--aid` `hex-aid`,

  Select `hex-aid` before processing.

`--list-sdos` `sdo-type`,

  List SDOs of the given `sdo-type`, present in default or selected application.

`--verbose`, `-v`

  Causes cardos-tool to be more verbose. Specify this flag several times to enable debug output in the opensc library.

`--wait`, `-w`

  Causes iasecc-tool to wait for the token to be inserted into reader.

## Authors

iasecc-tool was written by Viktor Tarasov `<viktor.tarasov@gmail.com>`.

## Name

netkey-tool — administrative utility for Netkey E4 cards

## Synopsis

`netkey-tool` [`OPTIONS`] [`COMMAND`]

## Description

The netkey-tool utility can be used from the command line to perform some smart card operations with NetKey E4 cards that cannot be done easily with other OpenSC-tools, such as changing local PINs, storing certificates into empty NetKey E4 cert-files or displaying the initial PUK-value.

## Options

`--help`, `-h`

  Displays a short help message.

`--pin` `pin`, `-p` `pin`

  Specifies the current value of the global PIN.

`--puk` `pin`, `-u` `pin`

  Specifies the current value of the global PUK.

`--pin0` `pin`, `-0` `pin`

  Specifies the current value of the local PIN0 (aka local PIN).

`--pin1` `pin`, `-1` `pin`

  Specifies the current value of the local PIN1 (aka local PUK).

`--reader` `arg`, `-r` `arg`

  Number of the reader to use. By default, the first reader with a present card is used. If `arg` is an ATR, the reader with a matching card will be chosen.

`-v`

  Causes netkey-tool to be more verbose. This options may be specified multiple times to increase verbosity.

## PIN format

With the `-p`, `-u`, `-0` or the `-1` one of the cards pins may be specified. You may use plain ascii-strings (i.e. 123456) or a hex-string (i.e. 31:32:33:34:35:36). A hex-string must consist of exactly n 2-digit hexnumbers separated by n-1 colons. Otherwise it will be interpreted as an ascii string. For example :12:34: and 1:2:3:4 are both pins of length 7, while 12:34 and 01:02:03:04 are pins of length 2 and 4.

## Commands

When used without any options or commands, netkey-tool will display information about the smart cards pins and certificates. This will not change your card in any aspect (assumed there are no bugs in netkey-tool). In particular the tries-left counters of the pins are investigated without doing actual pin-verifications.

If you specify the global PIN via the `--pin` option, netkey-tool will also display the initial value of the cards global PUK. If your global PUK was changed netkey-tool will still display its initial value. There's no way to recover a lost global PUK once it was changed. There's also no way to display the initial value of your global PUK without knowing the current value of your global PIN.

For most of the commands that netkey-tool can execute, you have to specify one pin. One notable exception is the nullpin command, but this command can only be executed once in the lifetime of a NetKey E4 card.

cert `number` `filename`

  This command will read one of your cards certificates (as specified by `number`) and save this certificate into file `filename` in PEM-format. Certificates on a NetKey E4 card are readable without a pin, so you don't have to specify one.

cert `filename` `number`

  This command will read the first PEM-encoded certificate from file `filename` and store this into your smart cards certificate file `number`. Some of your smart cards certificate files might be readonly, so this will not work with all values of `number`. If a certificate file is writable you must specify a pin in order to change it. If you try to use this command without specifying a pin, netkey-tool will tell you which one is needed.

change { pin | puk | pin0 | pin1 } `new-pin`

  This changes the value of the specified pin to the given new value. You must specify either the current value of the pin or another pin to be able to do this and if you don't specify a correct one, netkey-tool will tell you which one is needed.

nullpin `initial-pin`

  This command can be executed only if the global PIN of your card is in nullpin-state. There's no way to return back to nullpin-state once you have changed your global PIN. You don't need a pin to execute the nullpin-command. After a successful nullpin-command netkey-tool will display your cards initial PUK-value.

unblock { pin | pin0 | pin1 }

  This unblocks the specified pin. You must specify another pin to be able to do this and if you don't specify a correct one, netkey-tool will tell you which one is needed.

## See also

opensc-explorer(1)

## Authors

netkey-tool was written by Peter Koch `<pk_opensc@web.de>`.

## Name

npa-tool — displays information on the German eID card (neuer Personalausweis, nPA).

## Synopsis

`npa-tool` [`OPTIONS`]

## Description

The npa-tool utility is used to display information stored on the German eID card (neuer Personalausweis, nPA), and to perform some write and verification operations.

## Options

`--help`, `-h`

  Print help and exit.

`--version`, `-V`

  Print version and exit.

`--reader` `arg`, `-r` `arg`

  Number of the reader to use. By default, the first reader with a present card is used. If `arg` is an ATR, the reader with a matching card will be chosen.

`--verbose`, `-v`

  Causes npa-tool to be more verbose. Specify this flag several times to be more verbose.

### Password Authenticated Connection Establishment (PACE)

`--pin` [`STRING`], `-p` [`STRING`]

  Run PACE with (transport) eID-PIN.

`--puk` [`STRING`], `-u` [`STRING`]

  Run PACE with PUK.

`--can` [`STRING`], `-c` [`STRING`]

  Run PACE with Card Access Number (CAN).

`--mrz` [`STRING`], `-m` [`STRING`]

  Run PACE with Machine Readable Zone (MRZ). Enter the MRZ without newlines.

`--env`

  Specify whether to use environment variables `PIN`, `PUK`, `CAN`, `MRZ`, and `NEWPIN`. You may want to clean your environment before enabling this. (default=off)

### PIN management

`--new-pin` [`STRING`], `-N` [`STRING`]

  Install a new PIN.

`--resume`, `-R`

  Resume eID-PIN (uses CAN to activate last retry). (default=off)

`--unblock`, `-U`

  Unblock PIN (uses PUK to activate three more retries). (default=off)

### Terminal Authentication (TA) and Chip Authentication (CA)

`--cv-certificate` `FILENAME`, `-C` `FILENAME`

  Specify Card Verifiable (CV) certificate to create a certificate chain. The option can be given multiple times, in which case the order is important.

`--cert-desc` `HEX_STRING`

  Certificate description to show for Terminal Authentication.

`--chat` `HEX_STRING`

  Specify the Card Holder Authorization Template (CHAT) to use. If not given, it defaults to the terminal's CHAT. Use `7F4C0E060904007F000703010203530103` to trigger EAC on the CAT-C (Komfortleser).

`--auxiliary-data` `HEX_STRING`, `-A` `HEX_STRING`

  Specify the terminal's auxiliary data. If not given, the default is determined by verification of validity, age and community ID.

`--private-key` `FILENAME`, `-P` `FILENAME`

  Specify the terminal's private key.

`--cvc-dir` `DIRECTORY`

  Specify where to look for the certificate of the Country Verifying Certification Authority (CVCA). If not given, it defaults to `/home/fm/.local/etc/eac/cvc`.

`--x509-dir` `DIRECTORY`

  Specify where to look for the X.509 certificate. If not given, it defaults to `/home/fm/.local/etc/eac/x509`.

`--disable-ta-checks`

  Disable checking the validity period of CV certificates. (default=off)

`--disable-ca-checks`

  Disable passive authentication. (default=off)

### Read and write data groups

`--read-dg1`

  Read data group 1: Document Type.

`--read-dg2`

  Read data group 2: Issuing State.

`--read-dg3`

  Read data group 3: Date of Expiry.

`--read-dg4`

  Read data group 4: Given Name(s).

`--read-dg5`

  Read data group 5: Family Name.

`--read-dg6`

  Read data group 6: Religious/Artistic Name.

`--read-dg7`

  Read data group 7: Academic Title.

`--read-dg8`

  Read data group 8: Date of Birth.

`--read-dg9`

  Read data group 9: Place of Birth.

`--read-dg10`

  Read data group 10: Nationality.

`--read-dg11`

  Read data group 11: Sex.

`--read-dg12`

  Read data group 12: Optional Data.

`--read-dg13`

  Read data group 13: Birth Name.

`--read-dg14`

  Read data group 14.

`--read-dg15`

  Read data group 15.

`--read-dg16`

  Read data group 16.

`--read-dg17`

  Read data group 17: Normal Place of Residence.

`--read-dg18`

  Read data group 18: Community ID.

`--read-dg19`

  Read data group 19: Residence Permit I.

`--read-dg20`

  Read data group 20: Residence Permit II.

`--read-dg21`

  Read data group 21: Optional Data.

`--write-dg17` `HEX_STRING`

  Write data group 17: Normal Place of Residence.

`--write-dg18` `HEX_STRING`

  Write data group 18: Community ID.

`--write-dg19` `HEX_STRING`

  Write data group 19: Residence Permit I.

`--write-dg20` `HEX_STRING`

  Write data group 20: Residence Permit II.

`--write-dg21` `HEX_STRING`

  Write data group 21: Optional Data.

### Verification of validity, age and community ID

`--verify-validity` `YYYYMMDD`

  Verify chip's validity with a reference date.

`--older-than` `YYYYMMDD`

  Verify age with a reference date.

`--verify-community` `HEX_STRING`

  Verify community ID with a reference ID.

### Special options, not always useful

`--break`, `-b`

  Brute force PIN, CAN or PUK. Use together with options `-p`, `-a`, or `-u`. (default=off)

`--translate` `FILENAME`, `-t` `FILENAME`

  Specify the file with APDUs of HEX_STRINGs to send through the secure channel. (default=`stdin')

`--tr-03110v201`

  Force compliance to BSI TR-03110 version 2.01. (default=off)

`--disable-all-checks`

  Disable all checking of fly-by-data. (default=off)

## Authors

npa-tool was written by Frank Morgner `<frankmorgner@gmail.com>`.

## Name

openpgp-tool — utility for accessing visible data OpenPGP smart cards and compatible tokens

## Synopsis

`openpgp-tool` [`OPTIONS`]

## Description

The openpgp-tool utility is used for accessing data from the OpenPGP v1.1 and v2.0 smart cards and compatible tokens like e.g. GPF CryptoStick v1.x, which might not be present in PKCS#15 objects but available in custom files on the card. The data can be printed on screen or used by other programs via environment variables.

## Options

`--card-info`, `-C`

  Show card information.

`--del-key` `arg`

  Delete key indicated by `arg`. `arg` can be `1`, `2`, `3`, or `all`.

`--do` `arg`, `-d` `arg`

  Dump private data object (DO) indicated by `arg`. `arg` can be in the form `x`, `10` `x`, or `010` `x` to access `DO 010` `x`, where `x` is `1`, `2`, `3`, or `4`.

`--erase`, `-E`

  Erase (i.e. reset) the card.

`--exec` `prog`, `-x` `prog`

  Execute the given program with data in environment variables.

`--gen-key` `arg`, `-G` `arg`

  Generate key with the ID given as `arg`. `arg` can be one of `1`, `2`, or `3`.

`--help`, `-h`

  Print help message on screen.

`--key-info`, `-K`

  Show information of keys on the card.

`--key-type` `keytype`, `-t` `keytype`

  Specify the type of the key to be generated. Supported values for `keytype` are `rsa` for RSA with 2048 bits, `rsa` `LENGTH` for RSA with a bit length of `LENGTH`. If not given, it defaults to `rsa2048`.

`--pin` `pin`

  This option can be used to specify the PIN value on the command line. If the value is set to `env:``VARIABLE`, the value of the specified environment variable is used. By default, the code is prompted on the command line if needed.

  Note that on most operation systems, any user can display the command line of any process on the system using utilities such as ps(1). Therefore, you should prefer passing the codes via an environment variable on an unsecured system.

`--pretty`

  Print values in pretty format.

`--raw`

  Print values in raw format, as they are stored on the card.

`--reader` `arg`, `-r` `arg`

  Number of the reader to use. By default, the first reader with a present card is used. If `arg` is an ATR, the reader with a matching card will be chosen.

`--user-info`, `-U`

  Show card holder information.

`--verify` `pintype`

  Verify PIN (CHV1, CHV2 or CHV3).

`--version`, `-V`

  Print the version of the utility and exit.

`--verbose`, `-v`

  Verbose operation. Use several times to enable debug output.

`--wait`, `-w`

  Wait for a card to be inserted.

## Authors

openpgp-tool utility was written by Peter Marschall `<peter@adpm.de>`.

## Name

opensc-asn1 — parse ASN.1 data

## Synopsis

`opensc-asn1` [`OPTIONS`] [`FILES`]

## Description

The opensc-asn1 utility is used to parse ASN.1 data.

## Options

`--help`, `-h`

  Print help and exit.

`--version`, `-V`

  Print version and exit.

## Authors

opensc-asn1 was written by Frank Morgner `<frankmorgner@gmail.com>`.

## Name

opensc-explorer — generic interactive utility for accessing smart card and similar security token functions

## Synopsis

`opensc-explorer` [`OPTIONS`] [`SCRIPT`]

## Description

The opensc-explorer utility can be used to perform miscellaneous operations such as exploring the contents of or sending arbitrary APDU commands to a smart card or similar security token.

If a `SCRIPT` is given, opensc-explorer runs in non-interactive mode, reading the commands from `SCRIPT`, one command per line. If no script is given, opensc-explorer runs in interactive mode, reading commands from standard input.

## Options

The following are the command-line options for opensc-explorer. There are additional interactive commands available once it is running.

`--card-driver` `driver`, `-c` `driver`

  Use the given card driver. The default is to auto-detect the correct card driver. The literal value `?` lists all available card drivers and terminates opensc-explorer.

`--mf` `path`, `-m` `path`

  Select the file referenced by the given path on startup. The default is the path to the standard master file, `3F00`. If `path` is empty (e.g. opensc-explorer --mf ""), then no file is explicitly selected.

`--reader` `arg`, `-r` `arg`

  Number of the reader to use. By default, the first reader with a present card is used. If `arg` is an ATR, the reader with a matching card will be chosen.

`--verbose`, `-v`

  Cause opensc-explorer to be more verbose. Specify this flag several times to enable debug output in the opensc library.

`--wait`, `-w`

  Wait for a card to be inserted.

## Commands

opensc-explorer supports commands with arguments at its interactive prompt or in script files passed via the command line parameter `SCRIPT`.

Similar to a command shell like e.g. `bash`, each input line is split into white-space separated words. Of these words, the first one is used as the command, while the remaining ones are treated as arguments to that command.

The following commands are supported:

# ``...

  Treat line as a comment. Ignore anything until the end of the line introduced by `#`.

apdu `data`...

  Send a custom APDU command to the card. `data` is a series of sequences of hexadecimal values and strings enclosed in double quotes (`"..."`).

asn1 `file-id` [`rec-no`] [`offs`]

  Parse and print the ASN.1 encoded content of the working EF specified by `file-id`. If the optional parameter `rec-no` is given and the file is a record-oriented EF, parse and print only the record indicated by this parameter. If the optional parameter `offs` is given, start parsing and printing the file or record at the offset indicated by the value given. If this parameter is not given, the default offset is `0`.

cat [ `file-id` | `sfi:``short-id` ] [`rec-no`]

  Print the contents of the working EF specified by `file-id` or the short file id `short-id`. If the optional second parameter `rec-no` is given, only print the record indicated by this parameter. If no argument is given, print the the contents of the currently selected EF.

cd { `..` | `file-id` | `aid:``DF-name` }

  Change to another DF specified by the argument passed. If the argument given is `..`, then move up one level in the file system hierarchy. If it is a `file-id`, which must be a DF directly beneath the current DF, then change to that DF. If it is an application identifier given as `aid:``DF-name`, then jump to the MF of the application denoted by `DF-name`.

change `CHV` `pin-ref` [ [`old-pin`] `new-pin` ]

  Change the PIN specified by `pin-ref` from the value given by `old-pin` and change its value to `new-pin`.

  `old-pin` and `new-pin` can be sequences of hexadecimal values, strings enclosed in double quotes (`"..."`), empty (`""`), or absent. If absent, the values are read from the card reader's pin pad.

  Examples:

  `change CHV2 00:00:00:00:00:00 "foobar"`

    Change PIN `CHV2` to the new value `foobar`, giving the old value `00:00:00:00:00:00`.

  `change CHV2 "foobar"`

    Set PIN `CHV2` to the new value `foobar`.

  `change CHV2`

    Change PIN `CHV2` using the card reader's pinpad.

create `file-id` `size`

  Create a new EF. `file-id` specifies the numeric id, and `size` the size of the EF to create.

debug [`level`]

  Set OpenSC debug level to `level`.

  If `level` is omitted, show the current debug level.

delete `file-id`

  Remove the EF or DF specified by `file-id`.

do_get `hex-tag` [`output`]

  Copy the contents of the card's data object (DO) specified by `hex-tag` to the local host computer's file named `output`.

  If `output` is not given, the contents of `hex-tag` will be displayed as hex-dump.

do_put `hex-tag` `data`

  Change the contents of the card's data object (DO) specified by `hex-tag` to `data`.

  `data` is either a sequence of hexadecimal values or a string enclosed in double quotes (`"..."`).

echo `string`...

  Print the `string`s given.

erase

  Erase the card, if the card supports it.

get `file-id` [`output`]

  Copy an EF to a local file. The local file is specified by `output` while the card file is specified by `file-id`.

  If `output` is omitted, the name of the output file will be derived from the full card path to `file-id`.

get_record `file-id` `rec-no` [`output`]

  Copy a record of a record-oriented EF to a local file. The local file is specified by `output` while the card file and the record are specified by `file-id` and `rec-no`,

  If `output` is omitted, the name of the output file will be derived from the full card path to `file-id`. and the `rec-no`.

help [`pattern`]

  Display the list of available commands, their options and parameters together with a short help text. If `pattern` is given, the commands shown are limited to those matching `pattern`.

info [`file-id`]

  Display attributes of a file specified by `file-id`. If `file-id` is not supplied, the attributes of the current file are displayed.

ls [`pattern`...]

  List files in the current DF. If no `pattern` is given, then all files are listed. If one or more `pattern`s are given, only files matching at least one `pattern` are listed.

find [ `start-id` [`end-id`] ]

  Find all files in the current DF. Files are found by selecting all file identifiers in the range from `start-fid` to `end-fid`.

  If not given, the default value for `start-fid` is `0000`, while the default for `end-fid` is `FFFF`.

find_tags [ `start-tag` [`end-tag`] ]

  Find all tags of data objects in the current context. Tags are found by using GET DATA in the range from from `start-tag` to `end-tag`.

  If not given, the default value for `start-tag` is `0000`, while the default for `end-tag` is `FFFF`.

mkdir `file-id` `size`

  Create a DF. `file-id` specifies the numeric id, and `size` the size of the DF to create.

pin_info `key-type` `key-id`

  Get information on a PIN or key from the card, where `key-type` can be one of `CHV`, `KEY`, `AUT` or `PRO`. `key-id` is a number representing the key or PIN reference.

put `file-id` `input`

  Copy a local file to the card. The local file is specified by `input` while the card file is specified by `file-id`.

quit

  Exit the program.

random `count` [`output-file`]

  Generate `count` bytes of random data. If `output-file` is given, write the data to the host computer's file denoted by it, otherwise show the data as hex dump.

rm `file-id`

  Remove the EF or DF specified by `file-id`.

unblock `CHV` `pin-ref` [ `puk` [`new-pin`] ]

  Unblock the PIN denoted by `pin-ref` using the PUK `puk`, and potentially change its value to `new-pin`.

  `puk` and `new-pin` can be sequences of hexadecimal values, strings enclosed in double quotes (`"..."`), empty (`""`), or absent. If absent, the values are read from the card reader's pin pad.

  Examples:

  `unblock CHV2 00:00:00:00:00:00 "foobar"`

    Unblock PIN `CHV2` using PUK `00:00:00:00:00:00` and set it to the new value `foobar`.

  `unblock CHV2 00:00:00:00:00:00 ""`

    Unblock PIN `CHV2` using PUK `00:00:00:00:00:00` keeping the old value.

  `unblock CHV2 "" "foobar"`

    Set new value of PIN `CHV2` to `foobar`.

  `unblock CHV2 00:00:00:00:00:00`

    Unblock PIN `CHV2` using PUK `00:00:00:00:00:00`. The new PIN value is prompted by pinpad.

  `unblock CHV2 ""`

    Set PIN `CHV2`. The new PIN value is prompted by pinpad.

  `unblock CHV2`

    Unblock PIN `CHV2`. The unblock code and new PIN value are prompted by pinpad.

update_binary `file-id` `offs` `data`

  Binary update of the file specified by `file-id` with the literal data `data` starting from offset specified by `offs`.

  `data` can be supplied as a sequence of hexadecimal values or as a string enclosed in double quotes (`"..."`).

update_record `file-id` `rec-nr` `rec-offs` `data`

  Update record specified by `rec-nr` of the file specified by `file-id` with the literal data `data` starting from offset specified by `rec-offs`.

  `data` can be supplied as a sequence of hexadecimal values or as a string enclosed in double quotes (`"..."`).

verify `key-type` `key-id` [`key`]

  Present a PIN or key to the card, where `key-type` can be one of `CHV`, `KEY`, `AUT` or `PRO`. `key-id` is a number representing the key or PIN reference. `key` is the key or PIN to be verified, formatted as a colon-separated sequence of hexadecimal values or a string enclosed in double quotes (`"..."`).

  If `key` is omitted, the exact action depends on the card reader's features: if the card readers supports PIN input via a pin pad, then the PIN will be verified using the card reader's pin pad. If the card reader does not support PIN input, then the PIN will be asked interactively.

  Examples:

  `verify CHV2 31:32:33:34:00:00:00:00`

    Verify `CHV2` using the hex value `31:32:33:34:00:00:00:00`

  `verify CHV1 "secret"`

    Verify `CHV1` using the string value `secret`.

  `verify KEY2`

    Verify `KEY2`, get the value from the card reader's pin pad.

sm { `open` | `close` }

  Call the card's `open` or `close` Secure Messaging handler.

## See also

opensc-tool(1)

## Authors

opensc-explorer was written by Juha Yrjölä `<juha.yrjola@iki.fi>`.

## Name

opensc-notify — monitor smart card events and send notifications

## Synopsis

`opensc-notify` [`OPTIONS`]

## Description

The opensc-notify utility is used to monitor smart card events and send the appropriate notification.

## Options

`--help`, `-h`

  Print help and exit.

`--version`, `-V`

  Print version and exit.

### Mode: customized

Send customized notifications.

`--title` [`STRING`], `-t` [`STRING`]

  Specify the title of the notification.

`--message` [`STRING`], `-m` [`STRING`]

  Specify the main text of the notification.

### Mode: standard

Manually send standard notifications.

`--notify-card-inserted`, `-I`

  See `notify_card_inserted` in `opensc.conf` (default=off).

`--notify-card-removed`, `-R`

  See `notify_card_removed` in `opensc.conf` (default=off).

`--notify-pin-good`, `-G`

  See `notify_pin_good` in `opensc.conf` (default=off).

`--notify-pin-bad`, `-B`

  See `notify_pin_bad` in `opensc.conf` (default=off).

## Authors

opensc-notify was written by Frank Morgner `<frankmorgner@gmail.com>`.

## Name

opensc-tool — generic smart card utility

## Synopsis

`opensc-tool` [`OPTIONS`]

## Description

The opensc-tool utility can be used from the command line to perform miscellaneous smart card operations such as getting the card ATR or sending arbitrary APDU commands to a card.

## Options

`--version`

  Print the OpenSC package release version.

`--atr`, `-a`

  Print the Answer To Reset (ATR) of the card. Output is in hex byte format

`--card-driver` `driver`, `-c` `driver`

  Use the given card driver. The default is to auto-detect the correct card driver. The literal value `?` lists all available card drivers.

`--list-algorithms`,

  Lists algorithms supported by card

`--info`, `-i`

  Print information about OpenSC, such as version and enabled components.

`--list-drivers`, `-D`

  List all installed card drivers.

`--list-files`, `-f`

  Recursively list all files stored on card.

`--list-readers`, `-l`

  List all configured readers.

`--name`, `-n`

  Print the name of the inserted card (driver).

`--get-conf-entry` `conf`, `-G` `conf`

  Get configuration key, format: section:name:key

`--set-conf-entry` `conf`, `-S` `conf`

  Set configuration key, format: section:name:key:value

`--reader` `arg`, `-r` `arg`

  Number of the reader to use. By default, the first reader with a present card is used. If `arg` is an ATR, the reader with a matching card will be chosen.

`--reset` [`type`],

  Resets the card in reader. The default reset type is `cold`, but `warm` reset is also possible.

`--send-apdu` `apdu`, `-s` `apdu`

  Sends an arbitrary APDU to the card in the format `AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF...`.

`--serial`

  Print the card serial number (normally the ICCSN). Output is in hex byte format

`--verbose`, `-v`

  Causes opensc-tool to be more verbose. Specify this flag several times to enable debug output in the opensc library.

`--wait`, `-w`

  Wait for a card to be inserted.

## See also

opensc-explorer(1)

## Authors

opensc-tool was written by Juha Yrjölä `<juha.yrjola@iki.fi>`.

## Name

piv-tool — smart card utility for HSPD-12 PIV cards

## Synopsis

`piv-tool` [`OPTIONS`]

The piv-tool utility can be used from the command line to perform miscellaneous smart card operations on a HSPD-12 PIV smart card as defined in NIST 800-73-3. It is intended for use with test cards only. It can be used to load objects, and generate key pairs, as well as send arbitrary APDU commands to a card after having authenticated to the card using the card key provided by the card vendor.

## Options

`--serial`

  Print the card serial number derived from the CHUID object, if any. Output is in hex byte format.

`--name`, `-n`

  Print the name of the inserted card (driver)

`--admin` `argument`, `-A` `argument`

  Authenticate to the card using a 2DES or 3DES key. The `argument` of the form

       {A|M}:ref:alg

  is required, were `A` uses "EXTERNAL AUTHENTICATION" and `M` uses "MUTUAL AUTHENTICATION". `ref` is normally `9B`, and `alg` is `03` for 3DES. The key is provided by the card vendor, and the environment variable `PIV_EXT_AUTH_KEY` must point to a text file containing the key in the format: `XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX`

`--genkey` `argument`, `-G` `argument`

  Generate a key pair on the card and output the public key. The `argument` of the form

      ref:alg

  is required, where `ref` is `9A`, `9C`, `9D` or `9E` and `alg` is `06`, `07`, `11` or `14` for RSA 1024, RSA 2048, ECC 256 or ECC 384 respectively.

`--object` `ContainerID`, `-O` `ContainerID`

  Load an object onto the card. The `ContainerID` is as defined in NIST 800-73-n without leading `0x`. Example: CHUID object is 3000

`--cert` `ref`, `-C` `ref`

  Load a certificate onto the card. `ref` is `9A`, `9C`, `9D` or `9E`

`--compresscert` `ref`, `-Z` `ref`

  Load a certificate that has been gzipped onto the card. `ref` is `9A`, `9C`, `9D` or `9E`

`--out` `file`, `-o` `file`

  Output file for any operation that produces output.

`--in` `file`, `-i` `file`

  Input file for any operation that requires an input file.

`--key-slots-discovery` `file`

  Print properties of the key slots. Needs 'admin' authentication.

`--send-apdu` `apdu`, `-s` `apdu`

  Sends an arbitrary APDU to the card in the format `AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF...`. This option may be repeated.

`--reader` `arg`, `-r` `arg`

  Number of the reader to use. By default, the first reader with a present card is used. If `arg` is an ATR, the reader with a matching card will be chosen.

`--wait`, `-w`

  Wait for a card to be inserted

`--verbose`, `-v`

  Causes piv-tool to be more verbose. Specify this flag several times to enable debug output in the opensc library.

## See also

opensc-tool(1)

## Authors

piv-tool was written by Douglas E. Engert `<deengert@gmail.com>`.

## Name

pkcs11-tool — utility for managing and using PKCS #11 security tokens

## Synopsis

`pkcs11-tool` [`OPTIONS`]

## Description

The pkcs11-tool utility is used to manage the data objects on smart cards and similar PKCS #11 security tokens. Users can list and read PINs, keys and certificates stored on the token. User PIN authentication is performed for those operations that require it.

## Options

`--attr-from` `filename`

  Extract information from `filename` (DER-encoded certificate file) and create the corresponding attributes when writing an object to the token. Example: the certificate subject name is used to create the CKA_SUBJECT attribute.

`--change-pin`, `-c`

  Change the user PIN on the token

`--unlock-pin`

  Unlock User PIN (without `--login` unlock in logged in session; otherwise `--login-type` has to be 'context-specific').

`--hash`, `-h`

  Hash some data.

`--hash-algorithm` `mechanism`

  Specify hash algorithm used with RSA-PKCS-PSS signature or RSA-OAEP decryption. Allowed values are "SHA-1", "SHA256", "SHA384", "SHA512", and some tokens may also allow "SHA224". Default is "SHA-1".

  Note that the input to RSA-PKCS-PSS has to be of the size equal to the specified hash algorithm. E.g., for SHA256 the signature input must be exactly 32 bytes long (for mechanisms SHA256-RSA-PKCS-PSS there is no such restriction). For RSA-OAEP, the plaintext input size mLen must be at most keyLen - 2 - 2*hashLen. For example, for RSA 3072-bit key and SHA384, the longest plaintext to encrypt with RSA-OAEP is (with all sizes in bytes): 384 - 2 - 2*48 = 286, aka 286 bytes.

`--id` `id`, `-d` `id`

  Specify the id of the object to operate on.

`--init-pin`

  Initializes the user PIN. This option differs from `--change-pin` in that it sets the user PIN for the first time. Once set, the user PIN can be changed using `--change-pin`.

`--init-token`

  Initialize a token: set the token label as well as a Security Officer PIN (the label must be specified using `--label`).

`--input-file` `filename`, `-i` `filename`

  Specify the path to a file for input.

`--keypairgen`, `-k`

  Generate a new key pair (public and private pair.)

`--keygen`

  Generate a new key.

`--key-type` `specification`

  Specify the type and length (bytes if symmetric) of the key to create, for example RSA:1024, EC:prime256v1, GOSTR3410-2012-256:B, DES:8, DES3:24, AES:16 or GENERIC:64.

`--usage-sign`

  Specify 'sign' key usage flag (sets SIGN in privkey, sets VERIFY in pubkey).

`--usage-decrypt`

  Specify 'decrypt' key usage flag (RSA only, set DECRYPT privkey, ENCRYPT in pubkey).

`--usage-derive`

  Specify 'derive' key usage flag (EC only).

`--usage-wrap`

  Specify 'wrap' key usage flag.

`--label` `name`, `-a` `name`

  Specify the name of the object to operate on (or the token label when `--init-token` is used).

`--list-mechanisms`, `-M`

  Display a list of mechanisms supported by the token.

`--list-objects`, `-O`

  Display a list of objects.

`--list-slots`, `-L`

  Display a list of available slots on the token.

`--list-token-slots`, `-T`

  List slots with tokens.

`--list-interfaces`

  List interfaces of PKCS #11 3.0 library.

`--login`, `-l`

  Authenticate to the token before performing other operations. This option is not needed if a PIN is provided on the command line.

`--login-type`

  Specify login type ('so', 'user', 'context-specific'; default:'user').

`--mechanism` `mechanism`, `-m` `mechanism`

  Use the specified `mechanism` for token operations. See `-M` for a list of mechanisms supported by your token. The mechanism can also be specified in hexadecimal, e.g., `0x80001234`.

`--mgf` `function`

  Use the specified Message Generation Function (MGF) `function` for RSA-PKCS-PSS signatures or RSA-OAEP decryptions. Supported arguments are MGF1-SHA1 to MGF1-SHA512 if supported by the driver. The default is based on the hash selection.

`--module` `mod`

  Specify a PKCS#11 module (or library) to load.

`--moz-cert` `filename`, `-z` `filename`

  Test a Mozilla-like key pair generation and certificate request. Specify the `filename` to the certificate file.

`--output-file` `filename`, `-o` `filename`

  Specify the path to a file for output.

`--pin` `pin`, `-p` `pin`

  Use the given `pin` for token operations. If set to env:`VARIABLE`, the value of the environment variable `VARIABLE` is used. WARNING: Be careful using this option as other users may be able to read the command line from the system or if it is embedded in a script. If set to env:`VARIABLE`, the value of the environment variable `VARIABLE` is used.

  This option will also set the `--login` option.

`--puk` `puk`

  Supply User PUK on the command line.

`--new-pin` `pin`

  Supply new User PIN on the command line.

`--sensitive`

  Set the CKA_SENSITIVE attribute (object cannot be revealed in plaintext).

`--extractable`

  Set the CKA_EXTRACTABLE attribute (object can be extracted)

`--undestroyable`

  Set the CKA_DESTROYABLE attribute to false (object cannot be destroyed)

`--set-id` `id`, `-e` `id`

  Set the CKA_ID of the object.

`--show-info`, `-I`

  Display general token information.

`--sign`, `-s`

  Sign some data.

`--decrypt`,

  Decrypt some data.

`--derive`,

  Derive a secret key using another key and some data.

`--derive-pass-der`,

  Derive ECDHpass DER encoded pubkey for compatibility with some PKCS#11 implementations

`--salt-len` `bytes`

  Specify how many bytes of salt should be used in RSA-PSS signatures. Accepts two special values: "-1" means salt length equals to digest length, "-2" means use maximum permissible length. Default is digest length (-1).

`--slot` `id`

  Specify the id of the slot to use.

`--slot-description` `description`

  Specify the description of the slot to use.

`--slot-index` `index`

  Specify the index of the slot to use.

`--object-index` `index`

  Specify the index of the object to use.

`--use-locking`

  Tell pkcs11 module it should use OS thread locking.

`--test-threads` `options`

  Test a pkcs11 module's thread implication. (See source code).

`--token-label` `label`

  Specify the label of token. Will be used the first slot, that has the inserted token with this label.

`--so-pin` `pin`

  Use the given `pin` as the Security Officer PIN for some token operations (token initialization, user PIN initialization, etc). If set to env:`VARIABLE`, the value of the environment variable `VARIABLE` is used. The same warning as `--pin` also applies here.

`--test`, `-t`

  Perform some tests on the token. This option is most useful when used with either `--login` or `--pin`.

`--test-hotplug`

  Test hotplug capabilities (C_GetSlotList + C_WaitForSlotEvent).

`--private`

  Set the CKA_PRIVATE attribute (object is only viewable after a login).

`--always-auth`

  Set the CKA_ALWAYS_AUTHENTICATE attribute to a private key object. If set, the user has to supply the PIN for each use (sign or decrypt) with the key.

`--allowed-mechanisms` `mechanisms`

  Sets the CKA_ALLOWED_MECHANISMS attribute to a key objects when importing an object or generating a keys. The argument accepts comma-separated list of algorithmsm, that can be used with the given key.

`--test-ec`

  Test EC (best used with the `--login` or `--pin` option).

`--test-fork`

  Test forking and calling C_Initialize() in the child.

`--type` `type`, `-y` `type`

  Specify the type of object to operate on. Valid value are `cert`, `privkey`, `pubkey`, `secrkey` and `data`.

`--verbose`, `-v`

  Cause pkcs11-tool to be more verbose.

  NB! This does not affect OpenSC debugging level! To set OpenSC PKCS#11 module into debug mode, set the `OPENSC_DEBUG` environment variable to a non-zero number.

`--verify`,

  Verify signature of some data.

`--read-object`, `-r`

  Get object's CKA_VALUE attribute (use with `--type`).

`--delete-object`, `-b`

  Delete an object.

`--application-label` `label`

  Specify the application label of the data object (use with `--type` data).

`--application-id` `id`

  Specify the application ID of the data object (use with `--type` data).

`--issuer` `data`

  Specify the issuer in hexadecimal format (use with `--type` cert).

`--subject` `data`

  Specify the subject in hexadecimal format (use with `--type` cert/privkey/pubkey).

`--signature-file` `filename`

  The path to the signature file for signature verification

`--signature-format` `format`

  Format for ECDSA signature: 'rs' (default), 'sequence', 'openssl'.

`--write-object` `filename`, `-w` `filename`

  Write a key or certificate object to the token. `filename` points to the DER-encoded certificate or key file.

`--generate-random` `num`

  Get `num` bytes of random data.

`--allow-sw`

  Allow using software mechanisms that do not have the CKF_HW flag set. May be required when using software tokens and emulators.

## Examples

To list all certificates on the smart card:

    pkcs11-tool --list-objects --type cert

To read the certificate with ID `KEY_ID` in DER format from smart card:

    pkcs11-tool --read-object --id KEY_ID --type cert --output-file cert.der

To convert the certificate in DER format to PEM format, use OpenSSL tools:

    openssl x509 -inform DER -in cert.der -outform PEM > cert.pem

To sign some data stored in file `data` using the private key with ID `ID` and using the RSA-PKCS mechanism:

    pkcs11-tool --sign --id ID --mechanism RSA-PKCS --input-file data --output-file data.sig

## Authors

pkcs11-tool was written by Olaf Kirch `<okir@suse.de>`.

## Name

pkcs15-crypt — perform crypto operations using PKCS#15 smart cards

## Synopsis

`pkcs15-crypt` [`OPTIONS`]

## Description

The pkcs15-crypt utility can be used from the command line to perform cryptographic operations such as computing digital signatures or decrypting data, using keys stored on a PKCS#15 compliant smart card.

## Options

`--version`,

  Print the OpenSC package release version.

`--aid` `aid`

  Specify the AID of the on-card PKCS#15 application to bind to. The `aid` must be in hexadecimal form.

`--decipher`, `-c`

  Decrypt the contents of the file specified by the `--input` option. The result of the decryption operation is written to the file specified by the `--output` option. If this option is not given, the decrypted data is printed to standard output, displaying non-printable characters using their hex notation xNN (see also `--raw`).

`--input` `file`, `-i` `file`

  Specifies the input file to use. Defaults to stdin if not specified.

`--key` `id`, `-k` `id`

  Selects the ID of the key to use.

`--output` `file`, `-o` `file`

  Any output will be sent to the specified file. Defaults to stdout if not specified.

`--pin` `pin`, `-p` `pin`

  When the cryptographic operation requires a PIN to access the key, pkcs15-crypt will prompt the user for the PIN on the terminal. Using this option allows you to specify the PIN on the command line.

  Note that on most operating systems, the command line of a process can be displayed by any user using the ps(1) command. It is therefore a security risk to specify secret information such as PINs on the command line. If you specify '-' as PIN, it will be read from STDIN.

`--pkcs1`

  By default, pkcs15-crypt assumes that input data has been padded to the correct length (i.e. when computing an RSA signature using a 1024 bit key, the input must be padded to 128 bytes to match the modulus length). When giving the `--pkcs1` option, however, pkcs15-crypt will perform the required padding using the algorithm outlined in the PKCS #1 standard version 1.5.

`--raw`, `-R`

  Outputs raw 8 bit data.

`--reader` `arg`, `-r` `arg`

  Number of the reader to use. By default, the first reader with a present card is used. If `arg` is an ATR, the reader with a matching card will be chosen.

`--md5` `--sha-1` `--sha-224` `--sha-256` `--sha-384` `--sha-512`

  These options tell pkcs15-crypt that the input file is the result of the specified hash operation. By default, an MD5 hash is expected. Again, the data must be in binary representation.

`--sign`, `-s`

  Perform digital signature operation on the data read from a file specified using the `--input` option. By default, the contents of the file are assumed to be the result of an MD5 hash operation. Note that pkcs15-crypt expects the data in binary representation, not ASCII.

  The digital signature is stored, in binary representation, in the file specified by the `--output` option. If this option is not given, the signature is printed on standard output, displaying non-printable characters using their hex notation `x` `NN` (see also `--raw`).

`--signature-format`, `--f`

  When signing with ECDSA key this option indicates to pkcs15-crypt the signature output format. Possible values are 'rs'(default) -- two concatenated integers (PKCS#11), 'sequence' or 'openssl' -- DER encoded sequence of two integers (OpenSSL).

`--wait`, `-w`

  Causes pkcs15-crypt to wait for a card insertion.

`--verbose`, `-v`

  Causes pkcs15-crypt to be more verbose. Specify this flag several times to enable debug output in the OpenSC library.

## See also

pkcs15-init(1), pkcs15-tool(1)

## Authors

pkcs15-crypt was written by Juha Yrjölä `<juha.yrjola@iki.fi>`.

## Name

pkcs15-init — smart card personalization utility

## Synopsis

`pkcs15-init` [`OPTIONS`]

## Description

The pkcs15-init utility can be used to create a PKCS #15 structure on a smart card, and add key or certificate objects. Details of the structure that will be created are controlled via profiles.

The profile used by default is pkcs15. Alternative profiles can be specified via the `-p` switch.

## PIN Usage

pkcs15-init can be used to create a PKCS #15 structure on your smart card, create PINs, and install keys and certificates on the card. This process is also called `personalization`.

An OpenSC card can have one security officer PIN, and zero or more user PINs. PIN stands for Personal Identification Number, and is a secret code you need to present to the card before being allowed to perform certain operations, such as using one of the stored RSA keys to sign a document, or modifying the card itself.

Usually, PINs are a sequence of decimal digits, but some cards will accept arbitrary ASCII characters. Be aware however that using characters other than digits will make the card unusable with PIN pad readers, because those usually have keys for entering digits only.

The security officer (SO) PIN is special; it is used to protect meta data information on the card, such as the PKCS #15 structure itself. Setting the SO PIN is optional, because the worst that can usually happen is that someone finding your card can mess it up. To extract any of your secret keys stored on the card, an attacker will still need your user PIN, at least for the default OpenSC profiles. However, it is possible to create card profiles that will allow the security officer to override user PINs.

For each PIN, you can specify a PUK (also called `unblock PIN`). The PUK can be used to overwrite or unlock a PIN if too many incorrect values have been entered in a row.

For some cards that use the PKCS#15 emulation, the attributes of private objects are protected and cannot be parsed without authentication (usually with User PIN). This authentication need to be done immediately after the card binding. In such cases `--verify-pin` has to be used.

## Modes of operation

### Initialization

This is the first step during card personalization, and will create the basic files on the card. To create the initial PKCS #15 structure, invoke the utility as

pkcs15-init --create-pkcs15

You will then be asked for the security officer PIN and PUK. Simply pressing return at the SO PIN prompt will skip installation of an SO PIN.

If the card supports it, you should erase the contents of the card with pkcs15-init --erase-card before creating the PKCS#15 structure.

### User PIN Installation

Before installing any user objects such as private keys, you need at least one PIN to protect these objects. you can do this using

pkcs15-init --store-pin --id " nn

where `nn` is a PKCS #15 ID in hexadecimal notation. Common values are 01, 02, etc.

Entering the command above will ask you for the user's PIN and PUK. If you do not wish to install an unblock PIN, simply press return at the PUK prompt.

To set a label for this PIN object (which can be used by applications to display a meaningful prompt to the user), use the `--label` command line option.

### Key generation

pkcs15-init lets you generate a new key and store it on the card. You can do this using:

pkcs15-init --generate-key " keyspec " --auth-id " nn

where `keyspec` describes the algorithm and the parameters of the key to be created. For example, `rsa:2048` generates a RSA key with 2048-bit modulus. If you are generating an EC key, the curve designation must be specified, for example `ec:prime256v1`. For symmetric key, the length of key is specified in bytes, for example `AES:32` or `DES3:24`.

`nn` is the ID of a user PIN installed previously, e.g. `01`.

In addition to storing the private portion of the key on the card, pkcs15-init will also store the public portion of the key as a PKCS #15 public key object.

### Private Key Upload

You can use a private key generated by other means and upload it to the card. For instance, to upload a private key contained in a file named `okir.pem`, which is in PEM format, you would use

pkcs15-init --store-private-key okir.pem --id 45 --auth-id 01

In addition to storing the private portion of the key on the card, pkcs15-init will also store the public portion of the key as a PKCS #15 public key object.

Note that usage of `--id` option in the pkcs15-init commands to generate or to import a new key is deprecated. Better practice is to let the middleware to derive the identifier from the key material. (SHA1(modulus) for RSA, ...). This allows easily set up relation between 'related' objects (private/public keys and certificates).

In addition to the PEM key file format, pkcs15-init also supports DER encoded keys, and PKCS #12 files. The latter is the file format used by Netscape Navigator (among others) when exporting certificates to a file. A PKCS #12 file usually contains the X.509 certificate corresponding to the private key. If that is the case, pkcs15-init will store the certificate instead of the public key portion.

### Public Key Upload

You can also upload individual public keys to the card using the `--store-public-key` option, which takes a filename as an argument. This file is supposed to contain the public key. If you don't specify a key file format using the `--format` option, pkcs15-init will assume PEM format. The only other supported public key file format is DER.

Since the corresponding public keys are always uploaded automatically when generating a new key, or when uploading a private key, you will probably use this option only very rarely.

### Certificate Upload

You can upload certificates to the card using the `--store-certificate` option, which takes a filename as an argument. This file is supposed to contain the PEM encoded X.509 certificate.

### Uploading PKCS #12 bags

Most browsers nowadays use PKCS #12 format files when you ask them to export your key and certificate to a file. pkcs15-init is capable of parsing these files, and storing their contents on the card in a single operation. This works just like storing a private key, except that you need to specify the file format:

pkcs15-init --store-private-key okir.p12 --format pkcs12 --auth-id 01

This will install the private key contained in the file `okir.p12`, and protect it with the PIN referenced by authentication ID `01`. It will also store any X.509 certificates contained in the file, which is usually the user certificate that goes with the key, as well as the CA certificate.

### Secret Key Upload

You can use a secret key generated by other means and upload it to the card. For instance, to upload an AES-secret key generated by the system random generator you would use

pkcs15-init --store-secret-key /dev/urandom --secret-key-algorithm aes:256 --auth-id 01

By default a random ID is generated for the secret key. You may specify an ID with the `--id` if needed.

## Options

`--version`,

  Print the OpenSC package release version.

`--card-profile` `name`, `-c` `name`

  Tells pkcs15-init to load the specified card profile option. You will rarely need this option.

`--create-pkcs15`, `-C`

  This tells pkcs15-init to create a PKCS #15 structure on the card, and initialize any PINs.

`--serial` `SERIAL`

  Specify the serial number of the card.

`--erase-card`, `-E`

  This will erase the card prior to creating the PKCS #15 structure, if the card supports it. If the card does not support erasing, pkcs15-init will fail.

`--erase-application` `AID`

  This will erase the application with the application identifier `AID`.

`--generate-key` `keyspec`, `-G` `keyspec`

  Tells the card to generate new key and store it on the card. `keyspec` consists of an algorithm name, optionally followed by a colon ":", slash "/" or hyphen "-" and the parameters of the key to be created. It is a good idea to specify the key ID along with this command, using the `id` option, otherwise an intrinsic ID will be calculated from the key material. Look the description of the 'pkcs15-id-style' attribute in the 'pkcs15.profile' for the details about the algorithm used to calculate intrinsic ID. For the multi-application cards the target PKCS#15 application can be specified by the hexadecimal AID value of the `aid` option.

`--pin` `pin`, `--puk` `puk`, `--so-pin` `sopin`, `--so-puk` `sopuk`

  These options can be used to specify the PIN/PUK values on the command line. If the value is set to `env:``VARIABLE`, the value of the specified environment variable is used. By default, the code is prompted on the command line if needed.

  Note that on most operation systems, any user can display the command line of any process on the system using utilities such as ps(1). Therefore, you should prefer passing the codes via an environment variable on an unsecured system.

`--no-so-pin`,

  Do not install a SO PIN, and do not prompt for it.

`--profile` `name`, `-p` `name`

  Tells pkcs15-init to load the specified general profile. Currently, the only application profile defined is `pkcs15`, but you can write your own profiles and specify them using this option.

  The profile name can be combined with one or more profile options, which slightly modify the profile's behavior. For instance, the default OpenSC profile supports the `openpin` option, which installs a single PIN during card initialization. This PIN is then used both as the SO PIN as well as the user PIN for all keys stored on the card.

  Profile name and options are separated by a `+` character, as in `pkcs15+onepin`.

`--secret-key-algorithm` `keyspec`,

  `keyspec` describes the algorithm and length of the key to be created or downloaded, such as `aes:256`. This will create a 256 bit AES key.

`--store-certificate` `filename`, `-X` `filename`

  Tells pkcs15-init to store the certificate given in `filename` on the card, creating a certificate object with the ID specified via the `--id` option. Without supplied ID an intrinsic ID will be calculated from the certificate's public key. Look the description of the 'pkcs15-id-style' attribute in the 'pkcs15.profile' for the details about the algorithm used to calculate intrinsic ID. The file is assumed to contain the PEM encoded certificate. For the multi-application cards the target application can be specified by the hexadecimal AID value of the `aid` option.

`--store-pin`, `-P`

  Store a new PIN/PUK on the card.

`--store-public-key` `filename`

  Tells pkcs15-init to download the specified public key to the card and create a public key object with the key ID specified via the `--id`. By default, the file is assumed to contain the key in PEM format. Alternative formats can be specified using `--format`.

`--store-private-key` `filename`, `-S` `filename`

  Tells pkcs15-init to download the specified private key to the card. This command will also create a public key object containing the public key portion. By default, the file is assumed to contain the key in PEM format. Alternative formats can be specified using `--format`. It is a good idea to specify the key ID along with this command, using the `--id` option, otherwise an intrinsic ID will be calculated from the key material. Look the description of the 'pkcs15-id-style' attribute in the 'pkcs15.profile' for the details about the algorithm used to calculate intrinsic ID. For the multi-application cards the target PKCS#15 application can be specified by the hexadecimal AID value of the `aid` option.

`--store-secret-key` `filename`,

  Tells pkcs15-init to download the specified secret key to the card. The file is assumed to contain the raw key. They key type should be specified with `--secret-key-algorithm` option.

  You may additionally specify the key ID along with this command, using the `--id` option, otherwise a random ID is generated. For the multi-application cards the target PKCS#15 application can be specified by the hexadecimal AID value of the `aid` option.

`--store-data` `filename`, `-W` `filename`

  Store a data object.

`--update-certificate` `filename`, `-U` `filename`

  Tells pkcs15-init to update the certificate object with the ID specified via the `--id` option with the certificate in `filename`. The file is assumed to contain a PEM encoded certificate.

  Pay extra attention when updating mail decryption certificates, as missing certificates can render e-mail messages unreadable!

`--delete-objects` `arg`, `-D` `arg`

  Tells pkcs15-init to delete the specified object. `arg` is comma-separated list containing any of `privkey`, `pubkey`, `secrkey`, `cert`, `chain` or `data`.

  When `data` is specified, an -`--application-id` must also be specified, in the other cases an `--id` must also be specified

  When `chain` is specified, the certificate chain starting with the cert with specified ID will be deleted, until there's a CA certificate that certifies another cert on the card

`--change-attributes` `arg`, `-A` `arg`

  Tells pkcs15-init to change the specified attribute. `arg` is either `privkey`, `pubkey`, `secrkey`, `cert` or `data`. You also have to specify the `--id` of the object. For now, you can only change the `--label`, e.g:

      								pkcs15-init -A cert --id 45 -a 1 --label Jim

`--use-default-transport-keys`, `-T`

  Tells pkcs15-init to not ask for the transport keys and use default keys, as known by the card driver.

`--sanity-check`, `-T`

  Tells pkcs15-init to perform a card specific sanity check and possibly update procedure.

`--reader` `arg`, `-r` `arg`

  Number of the reader to use. By default, the first reader with a present card is used. If `arg` is an ATR, the reader with a matching card will be chosen.

`--verbose`, `-v`

  Causes pkcs15-init to be more verbose. Specify this flag several times to enable debug output in the OpenSC library.

`--wait`, `-w`

  Causes pkcs15-init to wait for a card insertion.

`--use-pinpad`

  Do not prompt the user; if no PINs supplied, pinpad will be used.

`--puk-id` `ID`

  Specify ID of PUK to use/create

`--puk-label` `LABEL`

  Specify label of PUK

`--public-key-label` `LABEL`

  Specify public key label (use with `--generate-key`)

`--cert-label` `LABEL`

  Specify user cert label (use with `--store-private-key`)

`--application-name` `arg`

  Specify application name of data object (use with `--store-data-object`)

`--aid` `AID`

  Specify AID of the on-card PKCS#15 application to be binded to (in hexadecimal form)

`--output-file` `filename` `-o` `filename`,

  Output public portion of generated key to file

`--passphrase` `PASSPHRASE`

  Specify passphrase for unlocking secret key

`--authority`

  Mark certificate as a CA certificate

`--key-usage` `arg` `-u` `arg`,

  Specifies the X.509 key usage. `arg` is comma-separated list containing any of `digitalSignature`, `nonRepudiation`, `keyEncipherment`, `dataEncipherment`, `keyAgreement`, `keyCertSign`, `cRLSign`. Abbreviated names are allowed if unique (e.g. `dataEnc`).

  The alias `sign` is equivalent to `digitalSignature,keyCertSign,cRLSign`

  The alias `decrypt` is equivalent to `keyEncipherment,dataEncipherment`

`--finalize` `-F`,

  Finish initialization phase of the smart card

`--update-last-update`

  Update 'lastUpdate' attribute of tokenInfo

`--ignore-ca-certificates`

  When storing PKCS#12 ignore CA certificates

`--update-existing`

  Store or update existing certificate

`--extractable`

  Private key stored as an extractable key

`--user-consent` `arg`

  Specify user-consent. `arg` is an integer value. If > 0, the value specifies how many times the object can be accessed before a new authentication is required. If zero, the object does not require re-authentication.

`--insecure`

  Insecure mode: do not require a PIN for private key

`--md-container-guid` `GUID`

  For a new key specify GUID for a MD container

`--help` `-h`,

  Display help message

## See also

pkcs15-profile(5)

## Authors

pkcs15-init was written by Olaf Kirch `<okir@suse.de>`.

## Name

pkcs15-tool — utility for manipulating PKCS #15 data structures on smart cards and similar security tokens

## Synopsis

`pkcs15-tool` [`OPTIONS`]

## Description

The pkcs15-tool utility is used to manipulate the PKCS #15 data structures on smart cards and similar security tokens. Users can list and read PINs, keys and certificates stored on the token. User PIN authentication is performed for those operations that require it.

## Options

`--version`,

  Print the OpenSC package release version.

`--aid` `aid`

  Specify in a hexadecimal form the AID of the on-card PKCS#15 application to bind to.

`--auth-id` `id`, `-a` `id`

  Specifies the auth id of the PIN to use for the operation. This is useful with the --change-pin operation.

`--change-pin`

  Changes a PIN or PUK stored on the token. User authentication is required for this operation.

`--dump`, `-D`

  List all card objects.

`--list-info`

  List card objects.

`--list-applications`

  List the on-card PKCS#15 applications.

`--list-certificates`, `-c`

  List all certificates stored on the token.

`--list-data-objects`, `-C`

  List all data objects stored on the token. For some cards the PKCS#15 attributes of the private data objects are protected for reading and need the authentication with the User PIN. In such a case the `--verify-pin` option has to be used.

`--list-keys`, `-k`

  List all private keys stored on the token. General information about each private key is listed (eg. key name, id and algorithm). Actual private key values are not displayed. For some cards the PKCS#15 attributes of the private keys are protected for reading and need the authentication with the User PIN. In such a case the `--verify-pin` option has to be used.

`--list-secret-keys`

  List all secret (symmetric) keys stored on the token. General information about each secret key is listed (eg. key name, id and algorithm). Actual secret key values are not displayed. For some cards the PKCS#15 attributes of the private keys are protected for reading and need the authentication with the User PIN. In such a case the `--verify-pin` option has to be used.

`--list-pins`

  List all PINs stored on the token. General information about each PIN is listed (eg. PIN name). Actual PIN values are not shown.

`--list-public-keys`

  List all public keys stored on the token, including key name, id, algorithm and length information.

`--short` `-s`

  Output lists in compact format.

`--no-cache`

  Disables token data caching.

`--clear-cache`

  Removes the user's cache directory. On Windows, this option additionally removes the system's caching directory (requires administrator privileges).

`--clear-cache`

  Removes the user's cache directory. On Windows, this option additionally removes the system's caching directory (requires administrator privileges).

`--output` `filename`, `-o` `filename`

  Specifies where key output should be written. If `filename` already exists, it will be overwritten. If this option is not given, keys will be printed to standard output.

`--raw`

  Changes how `--read-data-object` prints the content to standard output. By default, when `--raw` is not given, it will print the content in hex notation. If `--raw` is set, it will print the binary data directly. This does not affect the output that is written to the file specified by the `--output` option. Data written to a file will always be in raw binary.

`--read-certificate` `cert`

  Reads the certificate with the given id.

`--read-data-object` `cert`, `-R` `data`

  Reads data object with OID, applicationName or label. The content is printed to standard output in hex notation, unless the `--raw` option is given. If an output file is given with the `--output` option, the content is additionally written to the file. Output to the file is always written in raw binary mode, the `--raw` only affects standard output behavior.

`--read-public-key` `id`

  Reads the public key with id `id`, allowing the user to extract and store or use the public key.

`--read-ssh-key` `id`

  Reads the public key with id `id`, writing the output in format suitable for `$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys`.

  The key label, if any will be shown in the 'Comment' field.

`--rfc4716`

  When used in conjunction with option `--read-ssh-key` the output format of the public key follows rfc4716.

The default output format is a single line (openssh).

`--test-update`, `-T`,

  Test if the card needs a security update

`--update`, `-U`,

  Update the card with a security update

`--reader` `arg`

  Number of the reader to use. By default, the first reader with a present card is used. If `arg` is an ATR, the reader with a matching card will be chosen.

`--unblock-pin`, `-u`

  Unblocks a PIN stored on the token. Knowledge of the Pin Unblock Key (PUK) is required for this operation.

`--verbose`, `-v`

  Causes pkcs15-tool to be more verbose. Specify this flag several times to enable debug output in the OpenSC library.

`--pin` `pin`, `--new-pin` `newpin` `--puk` `puk`

  These options can be used to specify the PIN/PUK values on the command line. If the value is set to `env:``VARIABLE`, the value of the specified environment variable is used. By default, the code is prompted on the command line if needed.

  Note that on most operation systems, any user can display the command line of any process on the system using utilities such as ps(1). Therefore, you should prefer passing the codes via an environment variable on an unsecured system.

`--new-pin` `pin`

  Specify New PIN (when changing or unblocking)

`--verify-pin`

  Verify PIN after card binding and before issuing any command (without 'auth-id' the first non-SO, non-Unblock PIN will be verified)

`--test-session-pin`

  Equivalent to `--verify-pin` with additional session PIN generation

`--wait`, `-w`

  Causes pkcs15-tool to wait for a card insertion.

`--use-pinpad`

  Do not prompt the user; if no PINs supplied, pinpad will be used.

## See also

pkcs15-init(1), pkcs15-crypt(1)

## Authors

pkcs15-tool was written by Juha Yrjölä `<juha.yrjola@iki.fi>`.

## Name

sc-hsm-tool — smart card utility for SmartCard-HSM

## Synopsis

`sc-hsm-tool` [`OPTIONS`]

The sc-hsm-tool utility can be used from the command line to perform extended maintenance tasks not available via PKCS#11 or other tools in the OpenSC package. It can be used to query the status of a SmartCard-HSM, initialize a device, generate and import Device Key Encryption Key (DKEK) shares and to wrap and unwrap keys.

## Options

`--initialize`, `-X`

  Initialize token, removing all existing keys, certificates and files.

  Use `--so-pin` to define SO-PIN for first initialization or to verify in subsequent initializations.

  Use `--pin` to define the initial user pin value.

  Use `--pin-retry` to define the maximum number of wrong user PIN presentations.

  Use with `--dkek-shares` to enable key wrap / unwrap.

  Use with `--label` to define a token label

`--create-dkek-share` `filename`, `-C` `filename`

  Create a DKEK share encrypted under a password and save it to the file given as parameter.

  Use `--password` to provide a password for encryption rather than prompting for one.

  Use `--pwd-shares-threshold` and `--pwd-shares-total` to randomly generate a password and split is using a (t, n) threshold scheme.

`--import-dkek-share` `filename`, `-I` `filename`

  Prompt for user password, read and decrypt DKEK share and import into SmartCard-HSM.

  Use `--password` to provide a password for decryption rather than prompting for one.

  Use `--pwd-shares-total` to specify the number of shares that should be entered to reconstruct the password.

`--wrap-key` `filename`, `-W` `filename`

  Wrap the key referenced in `--key-reference` and save with it together with the key description and certificate to the given file.

  Use `--pin` to provide the user PIN on the command line.

`--unwrap-key` `filename`, `-U` `filename`

  Read wrapped key, description and certificate from file and import into SmartCard-HSM under the key reference given in `--key-reference`.

  Determine the key reference using the output of pkcs15-tool -D.

  Use `--pin` to provide a user PIN on the command line.

  Use `--force` to remove any key, key description or certificate in the way.

`--dkek-shares` `number-of-shares`, `-s` `number-of-shares`

  Define the number of DKEK shares to use for recreating the DKEK.

  This is an optional parameter. Using `--initialize` without `--dkek-shares` will disable the DKEK completely.

  Using `--dkek-shares` with 0 shares requests the SmartCard-HSM to generate a random DKEK. Keys wrapped with this DKEK can only be unwrapped in the same SmartCard-HSM.

  After using `--initialize` with one or more DKEK shares, the SmartCard-HSM will remain in the initialized state until all DKEK shares have been imported. During this phase no new keys can be generated or imported.

`--pin` `pin`, `--so-pin` `sopin`,

  These options can be used to specify the PIN values on the command line. If the value is set to `env:``VARIABLE`, the value of the specified environment variable is used. By default, the code is prompted on the command line if needed.

  Note that on most operation systems, any user can display the command line of any process on the system using utilities such as ps(1). Therefore, you should prefer passing the codes via an environment variable on an unsecured system.

`--pin-retry` `value`

  Define number of PIN retries for user PIN during initialization. Default is 3.

`--bio-server1` `value`

  The hexadecimal AID of of the biometric server for template 1. Switches on the use of the user PIN as session PIN.

`--bio-server2` `value`

  The hexadecimal AID of of the biometric server for template 2. Switches on the use of the user PIN as session PIN.

`--password` `value`

  Define password for DKEK share encryption. If set to env:`VARIABLE`, the value of the environment variable `VARIABLE` is used.

`--pwd-shares-threshold` `value`

  Define threshold for number of password shares required for reconstruction.

`--pwd-shares-total` `value`

  Define number of password shares.

`--force`

  Force removal of existing key, description and certificate.

`--label` `label`, `-l` `label`

  Define the token label to be used in --initialize.

`--reader` `arg`, `-r` `arg`

  Number of the reader to use. By default, the first reader with a present card is used. If `arg` is an ATR, the reader with a matching card will be chosen.

`--wait`, `-w`

  Wait for a card to be inserted

`--verbose`, `-v`

  Causes sc-hsm-tool to be more verbose. Specify this flag several times to enable debug output in the opensc library.

## Examples

Create a DKEK share:

sc-hsm-tool --create-dkek-share dkek-share-1.pbe

Create a DKEK share with random password split up using a (3, 5) threshold scheme:

sc-hsm-tool --create-dkek-share dkek-share-1.pbe --pwd-shares-threshold 3 --pwd-shares-total 5

Initialize SmartCard-HSM to use a single DKEK share:

sc-hsm-tool --initialize --so-pin 3537363231383830 --pin 648219 --dkek-shares 1 --label mytoken

Import DKEK share:

sc-hsm-tool --import-dkek-share dkek-share-1.pbe

Import DKEK share using a password split up using a (3, 5) threshold scheme for encryption:

sc-hsm-tool --import-dkek-share dkek-share-1.pbe --pwd-shares-total 3

Wrap referenced key, description and certificate:

sc-hsm-tool --wrap-key wrap-key.bin --key-reference 1 --pin 648219

Unwrap key into same or in different SmartCard-HSM with the same DKEK:

sc-hsm-tool --unwrap-key wrap-key.bin --key-reference 10 --pin 648219 --force

## See also

opensc-tool(1)

## Authors

sc-hsm-tool was written by Andreas Schwier `<andreas.schwier@cardcontact.de>`.

## Name

westcos-tool — utility for manipulating data structures on westcos smart cards

## Synopsis

`westcos-tool` [`OPTIONS`]

## Description

The westcos-tool utility is used to manipulate the westcos data structures on 2 Ko smart cards / tokens. Users can create PINs, keys and certificates stored on the card / token. User PIN authentication is performed for those operations that require it.

## Options

`--change-pin`, `-n`

  Changes a PIN stored on the card. User authentication is required for this operation.

`--certificate` `file`, `-t` `file`

  Write certificate file `file` in PEM format to the card. User authentication is required for this operation.

`--finalize`, `-f`

  Finalize the card. Once finalized the default key is invalidated, so PIN and PUK cannot be changed anymore without user authentication.

  Warning, un-finalized cards are insecure because the PIN can be changed without user authentication (knowledge of default key is enough).

`--generate-key`, `-g`

  Generate a private key on the card. The card must not have been finalized and a PIN must be installed (i.e. the file for the PIN must have been created, see option `-i`). By default the key length is 1536 bits. User authentication is required for this operation.

`--help`, `-h`

  Print help message on screen.

`--install-pin`, `-i`

  Install PIN file in on the card. You must provide a PIN value with `-x`.

`--key-length` `length`, `-l` `length`

  Change the length of private key. Use with `-g`.

`--overwrite-key`, `-o`

  Overwrite the key if there is already a key on the card.

`--pin-value` `pin`, `-x` `pin` `--puk-value` `puk`, `-y` `puk`

  These options can be used to specify the PIN/PUK values on the command line. If the value is set to `env:``VARIABLE`, the value of the specified environment variable is used. By default, the code is prompted on the command line if needed.

  Note that on most operation systems, any user can display the command line of any process on the system using utilities such as ps(1). Therefore, you should prefer passing the codes via an environment variable on an unsecured system.

`--read-file` `filename`, `-j` `filename`

  Read the file `filename` from the card. The file is written on disk with name `filename`. User authentication is required for this operation.

`--reader` `arg`, `-r` `arg`

  Number of the reader to use. By default, the first reader with a present card is used. If `arg` is an ATR, the reader with a matching card will be chosen.

`--unblock-pin`, `-u`

  Unblocks a PIN stored on the card. Knowledge of the PIN Unblock Key (PUK) is required for this operation.

`--verbose` `-v`

  Causes westcos-tool to be more verbose. Specify this flag several times to enable debug output in the OpenSC library.

`--wait`, `-w`

  Wait for a card to be inserted.

`--write-file` `filename`, `-k` `filename`

  Put the file with name `filename` from disk to card. On the card the file is written in `filename`. User authentication is required for this operation.

## Authors

westcos-tool was written by Francois Leblanc `<francois.leblanc@cev-sa.com>`.