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# Saxaxa Gaafataa

Kuusdeetaa uumuu fi gulaaluuf kan gargaaru Mul'annoo saxaaxa Gaafataa dha.

Ajaja kana bira gahuuf...

In a database file window, click the Queries icon, then choose Edit - Edit.

Kuusdeetaa baay'een gaafatatti fayyadamee gingilcha ykn gabateewwan kuusdeetaa tartiiba qabsiisee kompitara kee irratti kuusawwan agarsiisu.Mul'annoon akkuma gaafataa dalagaa walfakkaatu kenna,garuu gara kaadhimaatiin.

Ajaja Mul'annoo Uumijedhu Gabateewwan caancalaa galmee kuusdeetaaa keessaa filadhu, foddaa Saxaaxa Mul'annoo ni argama Saxaaxa Gaafata foddaan sunis akka gadiitti ibsame.

Teessumni foddaa Saxaaxa Gaafataa gaafata uumame keessatti kuufama,garuu mul'annoo uumame keessatti kuufamuu hin danda'u.

## Saxaaxa Mul'annoo

Gaafata uumuf, sajoo Gaafattoot cuuqaasii galmee kuusdeetaa keessaa,itti aansee isa kana cuqaasi Gaafata Saxaaxa Mul'annoo keessatti uumi.

The lower pane of the Design View is where you define the query. To define a query, specify the database field names to include and the criteria for displaying the fields. To rearrange the columns in the lower pane of the Design View, drag a column header to a new location, or select the column and press Command Ctrl+arrow key.

Gara gubbaa gaafata Saxaaxa Mul'annoo Foddaa, kan icons isa kanaa Saxaaxa Gaafataa Kabala fi Saxaaxa kabala ni argama.

Yoo gaafata yaaluu barbaadde,maqaa gaafataa galmee kuusdeetaa keessaa lama cuqaasii.Yaadannoo:gabateen mul'ate kun yeroodhaafi.

### Furtuuwwan Gaafata Saxaaxa Mul'annoo

Furtuu | Dalaga
F4 | Durargii
F5 | Gaafata kaasii
F7 | Gabatee ykn Gaafata ida'i

## Sakatta'i

When you open the query design for the first time, you see a dialog in which you must first select the table or query that will be the basis for your new query.

Gaafatatti ida'uuf dirreewwan lama cuqaasi. Harkisi kaa'i qunnamtii ibsuuf.

Yeroo mul'annoo saxaaxxu,gabateewwan filaman fooyyeessuu hin dandeessu.

### Gabateewwan Haqi

Gabatee Saxaaxa Mul'annoo keessaa haquuf,gara gubbaa foddaa gabatee cuqaasii fi baafata halqara agarsiisi.Ajaja Haqi jedhun gabatee saxaaxa mul'annoo keessaa haqi.Filannoon kan biraa furtuu Haqi jedhu dhiibi.

### Gabatee siqsii hamamtaa isaa fooyyeessi

Akka fedhii keetitti gabateewwan hamamtaa isaanii jijjiiruu ni dandeessa.Gabateewwan siqsuuf, iddoo gara gubbaa barbaaddutti harkisi.Hanga gabateen hamamtaa barbaadde argattutti hamamtaa isaa hir'isi ykn guddisi hantuutee gara gubbaattii ykn cinaatti harkisi.

## Quunnamtii Gabateewwanii

Yoo quunnamtiin deetaa dirreewwan maqaa gabatee tokko keessa jiraate fi maqaan dirree gabatee biraa keessatti argama ta'e,gaafata keetiif quunnamtii kana fayyadamuu dandeessa.

If, for example, you have a spreadsheet for articles identified by an article number, and a spreadsheet for customers in which you record all articles that a customer orders using the corresponding article numbers, then there is a relationship between the two "article number" data fields. If you now want to create a query that returns all articles that a customer has ordered, you must retrieve data from two spreadsheets. To do this, you must inform LibreOffice about the relationship which exists between the data in the two spreadsheets.

To do this, click a field name in a table (for example, the field name "Item-Number" from the Customer table), hold down the mouse button and then drag the field name to the field name of the other table ("Item-Number" from the Item table). When you release the mouse button, a line connecting the two fields between the two table windows appears. The corresponding condition that the content of the two field names must be identical is entered in the resulting SQL query.

Uumamni gaafataa iddoo kan Wardiilee hedduun walquunnmtii qaban kan danda'amu yoo LibreOffice kana akka quunnamsiisaa kuusdeetaatti fayyaamtee.

Kuusdeetaa gaafata adda addaa keessa jiru keessaa gabateewwan argachuu hin dandeenyu.Gaafattotni gabateewwan hedduu qaban kuusdeetaa tokko keessatti qofa uumamuu danda'u.

### Specifying the relation type

If you double-click on the line connecting two linked fields or call the menu command Insert - New Relation, you can specify the type of relation in the Relations dialog.

Filannoof, hanga sararri filamutti Tab dhiibi, itti aansee dhiibi Shift+F10 kabala agarsiisuuf fi ajaja filadhu Gulaali. Kuusdeetaan tokko tokko walitti dhufeenya xiqqoo gargaara.

### Walquunnamtii Haquu

Walquunnamtii gabateewwan lama gidduu jiru haquuf,sarara walquunnamsiise cuqaasi fisan booda furtuu Haqi jedhu dhiibi.

Akka filannootti, Dirreewwan argaman keessatti qaaqaQunnamtii argaman haqi. Ykn Caancala dhiibi hanga veektaariin walitti hidhu yoo agarsiifame, itti aansee Shift+F10 dhiibi qabeentaa baafataa banuuf ajaja Haqi filadhu.

## Defining the query

Haala qindeessa gaafataa filadhu. Gaafataaf tarjaaleen hundi saxaaxa gabatee ni fudhata. Buliyaanii AND waliin haalli tarree tokko keessa jiru walitti qabata.

### Specifying field names

First, select all field names from the tables that you want to add to the query. You can do this either by drag-and-drop or by double-clicking a field name in the table window. With the drag-and-drop method, use the mouse to drag a field name from the table window into the lower area of the query design window. As you do this, you can decide which column in the query design window will receive the selected field. A field name can also be selected by double-clicking. It will then be added to the next free column in the query design window.

### Maqaalee dirree haquu

Gaafata keessaa maqaa dirree dhiisuuf,dursa tarjaalee dirree erga cuqaastee booda ajaja Haqi jedhu tarjaaleef filadhu.

### Saving the query

Use the Save icon on the Standard toolbar to save the query. You will see a dialog that asks you to enter a name for the query. If the database supports schemas, you can also enter a schema name.

#### Gursa

Maqaa gursa gaafataaf ykn mul'annoo gabateef bakka bu'ee itti galchi.

#### Maqaa gaafataa ykn maqaa mul'annoo gabatee

Maqaa gaafataa ykn mul'annoo gabatee itti galchi.

### Deetaa gingilchuu

To filter data for the query, set the desired criteria in the lower area of the query design window. The following options are available:

#### Dirree

Enter the name of the data field that is referred to in the Query. All settings made in the filter option rows refer to this field. If you activate a cell here with a mouse click you'll see an arrow button, which enables you to select a field. The "Table name.*" option selects all data fields with the effect that the specified criteria will be applied to all table fields.

#### Maqbiroo

Specifies an alias. This alias will be listed in the query instead of the field name. This makes it possible to use user-defined column labels. For example, if the data field is named PtNo and, instead of that name, you would like to have PartNum appear in the query, enter PartNum as the alias.

In a SQL statement, aliases are defined as follows:

SELECT tarjaalee AS maqbiroo FROM gabatee

Fakkeenyaf:

SELECT "PtNo" AS "PartNum" FROM "Parts"

#### Gabatee

The corresponding database table of the selected data field is listed here. If you activate this cell with a mouse click, an arrow will appear which enables you to select a different table for the current query.

#### Fooyi

If you click on this cell, you can choose a sort option: ascending, descending and unsorted. Text fields will be sorted alphabetically and numerical fields numerically. For most databases, administrators can set the sorting options at the database level.

#### Argamaa

If you mark the Visible property for a data field, that field will be visibly displayed in the resulting query. If you are only using a data field to formulate a condition or make a calculation, you do not necessarily need to display it.

#### Ulaagaa

Specifies a first criteria by which the content of the data field is to be filtered.

#### ykn

Here you can enter one additional filter criterion for each line. Multiple criteria in a single column will be interpreted as boolean OR.

You can also use the context menu of the line headers in the lower area of the query design window to insert a filter based on a function:

### Dalagaalee

The functions which are available here depend on those provided by the database engine.

If you are working with the embedded HSQL database, the list box in the Function row offers you the following options:

Dirqalaalee | SQL | Galtee
Dalagaa malee |  | Dalagaan hin hojjoomne
Jiddoommii | AVG | Dirreef jiddugala herregaa isaa herrega
Lakkaa'i | COUNT | Determines the number of records in the table. Empty fields can either be counted (a) or excluded (b). a) COUNT(*): Asteeriiksii akka qajeelfamaatti galmeewwan gabatee keessa jiran lakka'an dabarsa. b) COUNT(column): Passing a field name as an argument counts only the records in which the specified field contains a value. Records in which the field has a Null value (i.e. contains no textual or numeric value) will not be counted.
Irraantoo | MAX | Determines the highest value of a record for that field.
Gad'aantoo | MIN | Determines the lowest value of a record for that field.
Ida'ama | SUM | Calculates the sum of the values of records for the associated fields.
Garee | GROUP BY | Groups query data according to the selected field name. Functions are executed according to the specified groups. In SQL, this option corresponds to the GROUP BY clause. If a criterion is added, this entry appears in the SQL HAVING sub-clause.

Fakshinii waamuu kallattiidhumaan hima SQL keessatti galchuu dandeessa.caasimni isaas:

SELECT FUNCTION(tarree) FROM gabatee.

Fakkeenyaaf,SQL keessatti ida'ama herreguuf fakshiniin waamnu:

SELECT SUM("Gatii") FROM "Keeyyata".

Except for the Group function, the above functions are called Aggregate functions. These are functions that calculate data to create summaries from the results. Additional functions that are not listed in the list box might be also possible. These depend on the specific database engine in use and on the current functionality provided by the Base driver used to connect to that database engine.

To use other functions not listed in the list box, you must enter them manually under Field.

You can also assign aliases to function calls. If you do not want to display the query string in the column header, enter a desired substitute name under Alias.

Fakshiniin walgita hima SQL keessaa:

SELECT FUNCTION() AS maqbiroo FROM gabatee

Fakkeenya

SELECT COUNT(*) AS lakka'i FROM "Meeshaa"

If you run such a function, you cannot insert any additional columns for the query other than as an argument in a "Group" function.

Fakkeenyota

Fakkeenya itti aanutti, gaafatni gabateewwan lama keessaan kaa'a: "Meeshaa" dirree gabatee "Item_No" waliinii fi dirree gabatee "Dhiyeessitootaa" waliin. Dabalataan,gabateewwan lamanuu maqaa dirree waliinii "Supplier_No" qabu.

Ejjattoon kanaa gadii gaafata dhiyeessitoota hunda meeshaalee sadii ol kennan uumuuf barbaachisu.

1. Gabatee "Meeshaa" fi "Dhiyeessitoota" saxaaxa gaafataatti galchi.

2. Dirreewwan gabatee lamaan gidduu yoo walitti dhufeenyi akka kanaa jiraachuu baate "Supplier_No" walitti qabsiisi.

3. Double-click on the "Item_No" field from the "Item" table. Display the Function line using the context menu and select the Count function.

4. Galchi >3 akka ulaagaatti fi dirreen mul'atu dhaamsi.

5. Lama cuqaasi dirree "Supplier_Name" gabatee "Dhiyeessitootaa" keessaa fi fakshinii garee filadhu.

6. Gaafata kaasi.

Yoo "Gatii"n (gatii meeshaa dhuunfaan) fi "Supplier_No" (meeshaa dhiyeessaaf) dirreen gabatee "Meeshaa" keessatti argama,gaafata itti aanuun jiddoommii gatii dhiyeessitootaa keennuu danda'a.

1. Gabatee "Meeshaa" saxaaxa gaafataatti galchi.

2. Lama cuqaasi "Price" fi dirree "Supplier_No".

3. Sarara Fakshinii kakaasi fi jiddoommii fakshinii "Price" keessaa filadhu.

4. Maqaa maqbiroof "Jiddoommii" itti galchi (mallattoo raajeffannoon alatti)

5. Dirree "Supplier_No"f garee filadhu.

6. Gaafata kaasi.

Baafata halqara ajajaa fi mallattoo kanaa gadii ni argamu:

### Dalagaalee

Shows or hides a row for the selection of functions.

### Maqaa Gabatee

Maqaa gabateef agarsiisuuf ykn dhoksuuf.

### Maqaa Maqbiroo

Maqaa maqbiroo agarsiisuuf ykn dhoksuuf.

### Gatiilee Fageenya

Retrieves only distinct values from the query. This applies to multiple records that might contain several repeating occurrences of data in the selected fields. If the Distinct Values command is active, you should only see one record in the query (DISTINCT). Otherwise, you will see all records corresponding to the query criteria (ALL).

Fakkeenyaaf,yoo maqaan "Smith" jedhu yeroo baay'ee teessoo kuusdeetaa kee keessatti yoo mul'ata ta'e, ajaja Gatiilee Fageenya jedhu filtee maqaan "Smith" jedhu gaafata keessatti altokko qofa akka mul'atu adda baasuu dandeessa.

Gaafata dirreewwan hedduu of keessaa qabuuf, akka bu'aan galmee murtaa'e irraa uumamuuf walitti dhufeenyi bu'aawwan dirreewwan kanaa adda ta'uu qaba.Fakkeenyaaf,yoo "Smith in Chicago" jedhu yaadannoo teessoo keessatti altokko qofa fi "Smith in London" al lama.Ajaja Gatiilee Fageenya jedhuun,gaafatni dirreewwan lamaan "last name" fi "city" fi bu'aa gaafataa "Smith in Chicago" altokkoo fi "Smith in London" altokko deebisa.

SQL keessaatti,ajajni kun tilmaama DISTINCT dhaan walgitan.

### Timijii

Allows you to limit the maximum number of records returned by a query.

If a Limit construction is added, you will get at most as many rows as the number you specify. Otherwise, you will see all records corresponding to the query criteria.

### Haalota gingilchituu uumuu

When formulating filter conditions, various operators and commands are available to you. Apart from the relational operators, there are SQL-specific commands that query the content of database fields. If you use these commands in the LibreOffice syntax, LibreOffice automatically converts these into the corresponding SQL syntax via an internal parser. You can also enter the SQL command directly and bypass the internal parser. The following tables give an overview of the operators and commands:

Ogeejjii | Hiika | haalliu ni quubsa yoo...
= | walqixa ta'a | ... qabiyyeen dirree himannoo agarsiifame waliin tokko . The operator = will not be displayed in the query fields. If you enter a value without any operator, the = operator is automatically assumed.
<> | walqixa miti | ...qabiyyeen dirree himannoo adda bahe waliin wal hin gitu.
> | irra guddaa | ...qabiyyeen dirree irra guddaa himannoo adda baheeti.
< | irra xiqqaa | ...qabiyyeen dirree irra xiqqaa himannoo adda baheeti.
>= | irra guddaa ykn walqixa | ...qabiyyeen dirree irra guddaa ykn walqixa himannoo adda baheeti.
<= | irra xiqqaa ykn walqixa | ...qabiyyeen dirree irra xiqqa ykn walqixa himannoo adda baheeti.

LibreOffice ajaja | Ajaja SQL | Hiika | haalliu ni quubsa yoo...
IS EMPTY | IS NULL | duuwwee dha | ... the field contains no data. For Yes/No fields with three possible states, this command automatically queries the undetermined state (neither Yes nor No).
IS NOT EMPTY | IS NOT NULL | duuwwaa miti | ... the field is not empty, i.e it contains data.
LIKE placeholder (*) for any number of characters placeholder (?) for exactly one character | LIKE placeholder (%) for any number of characters Placeholder (_) for exactly one character | inni miseensa | ... the data field contains the indicated expression. The (*) placeholder indicates whether the expression x occurs at the beginning of (x*), at the end of (*x) or inside the field content (*x*). You can enter as a placeholder in SQL queries either the SQL % character or the familiar (*) file system placeholder in the LibreOffice interface. The (*) or (%) placeholder stands for any number of characters. The question mark (?) in the LibreOffice interface or the underscore (_) in SQL queries is used to represent exactly one character.
NOT LIKE | NOT LIKE | Inni miseensa miti | ... the field does not contain data having the specified expression.
BETWEEN x AND y | BETWEEN x AND y | gidduu [x,y] oola | ... the field contains a data value that lies between the two values x and y.
NOT BETWEEN x AND y | NOT BETWEEN x AND y | Gidduu [x,y] tti hin argamu | ... the field contains a data value that does not lie between the two values x and y.
IN (a; b; c...) Note that semicolons are used as separators in all value lists! | IN (a, b, c...) | a, b, c... of keessaa qaba | ... the field name contains one of the specified expressions a, b, c,... Any number of expressions can be specified, and the result of the query is determined by a boolean OR operator. The expressions a, b, c... can be either numbers or characters
NOT IN (a; b; c...) | NOT IN (a, b, c...) | a, b, c... of keessaa hin qabu | ... the field does not contain one of the specified expressions a, b, c,...
= TRUE | = TRUE | bu'aa Dhugaa qaba | ... maqaan dirree bu'aa dhugaa qaba.
= FALSE | = FALSE | bu'aa soba qaba | ... the field data value is set to false.

### Fakkeenyawwan

='Ms.' | qabiyyee dirree "Ms." waliin maqaa dirree deebisa
<'2001-01-10' | returns dates that occurred before January 10, 2001
LIKE 'g?ve' | returns records with field content such as "give" and "gave".
LIKE 'S*' | returns records with field contents such as "Sun".
BETWEEN 10 AND 20 | returns records with field content between the values 10 and 20. (The fields can be either text fields or number fields).
IN (1; 3; 5; 7) | returns records with the values 1, 3, 5, 7. If the field name contains an item number, for example, you can create a query that returns the item having the specified number.
NOT IN ('Smith') | returns records that do not contain "Smith".

Fakkaata Cufiinsa Tarree: {escape 'escape-character'}

Fakkeenya: fili * Meeshaa irraa yoo ItemName akka 'The *%' {escape '*'}

Fakkeenyi kun bakka maqaan meeshaa itti jalqabu kan agarsiisu 'The *'. Kana jechuun amaloota akka iddoogootaatti hiikaman kan akka *,?,_,% ykn tuqaa barbaaduu dandeessa.

Walqaba Aloo Cufiinsa Tarree: {oj outer-join}

Fakkeenya: select Article.* from {oj item LEFT OUTER JOIN orders ON item.no=orders.ANR}

### Gaafachuu dirreewwan barruu

To query the content of a text field, you must put the expression between single quotes. The distinction between uppercase and lowercase letters depends on the database in use. LIKE, by definition, is case-sensitive (though some databases don't interpret this strictly).

### Gaafachuu dirreewwan guyyaa

Date fields are represented as #Date# to clearly identify them as dates. Date, time and date/time constants (literals) used in conditions can be of either the SQL Escape Syntax type, or default SQL2 syntax.

Date Type Element | SQL Escape syntax #1 - may be obsolete | SQL Escape syntax #2 | SQL2 syntax
Guyyaa | {D'YYYY-MM-DD'} | {d 'YYYY-MM-DD'} | 'YYYY-MM-DD'
Yeroo | {D'HH:MM:SS'} | {t 'HH:MI:SS[.SS]'} | 'HH:MI:SS[.SS]'
GUYYAAYEROO | {D'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS'} | {ts 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS[.SS]'} | 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS[.SS]'

Fakkeenya: fili {d '1999-12-31'} world.years irraa

Example: select * from mytable where years='1999-12-31'

All date expressions (date literals) must be enclosed with single quotation marks. (Consult the reference for the particular database and connector you are using for more details.)

### Gaafachuu dirreewwan Eeyyee/Lakkii

Eeyyeen/Lakkii dirreewwanii gaafachuuf,

Haalojii | Ulaagaalee gaafataa | Fakkeenya
Eeyyeen | gabatee dBASE dhaaf: gatii kamiinu walqixa miti | =1 galmeewwan hundaa deebisa yoo dirreen Eeyyee/Lakkii haalojii "Eeyyeen" ykn "Banaa" (gurrachaan filama),
Lakki | . | =0 galmeewwan hundaa deebisa yoo dirreen Eeyyee/Lakkii haalojii "Lakki" ykn "Dhaamaa" (filannoo hin qabu)
Duuwwee | DUUWWEE dha | IS NULL kan deebisu galmeewwan hundaa kan dirreen Eeyyee/Lakki jedhu haala Eeyyeen ykn Lakki yoo qabaachuu baate (fajajaa filadhu)

Caasimni kan hundaa'u sirna kuusdeetaa fayyadamne irratti.Kan ati yaadachuu qabdu dirreen Eeyyeen/Lakki kan hiikamu qopha qophaatti (sirna 2 bakka 3)

### Gaafattoota ulaagaa

Parameter queries allow the user to input values at run-time. These values are used within the criteria for selecting the records to be displayed. Each such value has a parameter name associated with it, which is used to prompt the user when the query is run.

Parameter names are preceded by a colon in both the Design and SQL views of a query. This can be used wherever a value can appear. If the same value is to appear more than once in the query, the same parameter name is used.

In the simplest case, where the user enters a value which is matched for equality, the parameter name with its preceding colon is simply entered in the Criterion row. In SQL mode this should be typed as WHERE "Field" = :Parameter_name

Parameter names may not contain any of the characters <space>`!"$%^*()+={}[]@'~#<>?/,. They may not be the same as field names or SQL reserved words. They may be the same as aliases.

A useful construction for selecting records based on parts of a text field's content is to add a hidden column with "LIKE '%' || :Part_of_field || '%'" as the criterion. This will select records with an exact match. If a case-insensitive test is wanted, one solution is to use LOWER (Field_Name) as the field and LIKE LOWER ( '%' || :Part_of_field || '%' ) as the criterion. Note that the spaces in the criterion are important; if they are left out the SQL parser interprets the entire criterion as a string to be matched. In SQL mode this should be typed as LOWER ( "Field_Name" ) LIKE LOWER ( '%' || :Part_of_field || '%' ).

Parameter queries may be used as the data source for subforms, to allow the user to restrict the displayed records.

### Naqa Ulaagaa

The Parameter Input dialog asks the user to enter the parameter values. Enter a value for each query parameter and confirm by clicking OK or typing Enter.

The values entered by the user may consist of any characters which are allowable for the SQL for the relevant criterion; this may depend on the underlying database system.

The user can use the SQL wild-card characters "%" (arbitrary string) or "_" (arbitrary single character) as part of the value to retrieve records with more complex criteria.

## Haalata SQL

SQL kan bakka bu'u "Structured Query Language" fi ajajoonni akka of haaromsan ibsuu fi quunnamiilee kuusdeetaa bulchuu.

In LibreOffice you do not need any knowledge of SQL for most queries, since you do not have to enter the SQL code. If you create a query in the query designer, LibreOffice automatically converts your instructions into the corresponding SQL syntax. If, with the help of the Switch Design View On/Off button, you change to the SQL view, you can see the SQL commands for a query that has already been created.

You can formulate your query directly in SQL code. Note, however, that the special syntax is dependent upon the database system that you use.

If you enter the SQL code manually, you can create SQL-specific queries that are not supported by the graphical interface in the Query designer. These queries must be executed in native SQL mode.

By clicking the Run SQL command directly icon in the SQL view, you can formulate a query that is not processed by LibreOffice and sent directly to the database engine.